I’m not very sure on how troops will affect defense but here’s the math for offense (based on @ThePirateKing’s mana generation on offense formula):
5 * 112 = 560, so you need a level 23 mana troop (to get the 12% boost) to make it charge in 5 tiles on 1st charge
12 * 104.16 = 1250, so you need a level 1 mana troop (to get the 4.16% boost) to make it charge in 12 tiles on 2nd charge
11 * 113.63 = 1250, so you need a level 29 mana troop (to get the 13.63% boost) to make it charge in 11 tiles on 2nd charge